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Definition of Major Depressive Disorder
The mental disease known as Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), commonly referred to as depression (Indonesian: Gangguan Depresi Mayor, GDM), is defined by persistent low mood for at least two weeks. Anhedonia, a loss of interest in often enjoyable activities, and low spirits are frequently present alongside this. A person’s family, employment, educational pursuits, sleeping or eating patterns, and general health can all be adversely impacted by MDD. Other terms for this condition include major depression, unipolar depression, major depressive affective disorder, and unipolar disorder or unipolar mood disorder.
Causes of Major Depressive Disorder
According to the biopsychosocial model, depression is caused by a combination of biological, psychological, and social variables. According to the diathesis-stress hypothesis, depressive episodes happen when stressful life circumstances trigger an underlying vulnerability, or “diathesis.” The underlying sensitivity may be genetic, indicating a nature-nurture relationship, or schematic, arising from worldviews formed in early life.
Adverse childhood experiences—including child abuse, neglect, and dysfunctional families—significantly raise the likelihood of developing serious depression, particularly if there are multiple types. Childhood trauma is also associated with depressive intensity, a poor response to therapy, and a longer course of illness.
Major Depressive Disorder Treatment
Several actions can be taken while receiving therapy for major depressive disorder:
To be active, you must unwind, and you must work out for the brain to release endorphins, which are joyful hormones.
Spend time with others, set reasonable goals for yourself, and confide in close family or friends.
Please don’t wait to consult a Psychologist or Psychiatrist right away if you or a member of your family is exhibiting signs of serious depression.
Be sincere, avoid isolation, and ask for support from our qualified Providers.
Indonesian
Pengertian Gangguan Depresi Mayor
Penyakit mental yang dikenal sebagai Gangguan Depresi Mayor (GDM), biasa disebut sebagai depresi (English: Major Depressive Disorder, MDD), didefinisikan oleh suasana hati yang rendah terus-menerus selama setidaknya dua minggu. Anhedonia, kehilangan minat pada aktivitas yang sering menyenangkan, dan semangat rendah sering hadir bersamaan dengan ini. Keluarga seseorang, pekerjaan, pengejaran pendidikan, pola tidur atau makan, dan kesehatan umum semuanya dapat terkena dampak GDM. Istilah lain untuk kondisi ini antara lain depresi berat, depresi unipolar, gangguan afektif depresi berat, dan gangguan unipolar atau gangguan mood unipolar.
Penyebab Gangguan Depresi Mayor
Menurut model biopsikososial, depresi disebabkan oleh kombinasi variabel biologis, psikologis, dan sosial. Menurut hipotesis diatesis-stres, episode depresi terjadi ketika keadaan hidup yang penuh tekanan memicu kerentanan yang mendasarinya, atau “diatesis”. Sensitivitas yang mendasarinya mungkin bersifat genetik, menunjukkan hubungan alam-pengasuhan, atau skematis, yang timbul dari pandangan dunia yang terbentuk di awal kehidupan.
Pengalaman masa kanak-kanak yang merugikan, termasuk pelecehan anak, penelantaran, dan disfungsi keluarga secara signifikan meningkatkan kemungkinan berkembangnya depresi serius, terutama jika ada beberapa jenis. Trauma masa kanak-kanak juga dikaitkan dengan intensitas depresi, respons yang buruk terhadap terapi, dan perjalanan penyakit yang lebih lama.
Pengobatan Gangguan Depresi Mayor
Beberapa tindakan dapat diambil saat menerima terapi untuk gangguan depresi mayor:
- Agar aktif, Anda harus bersantai, dan Anda harus berolahraga agar otak melepaskan endorfin, yang merupakan hormon kegembiraan.
- Habiskan waktu bersama orang lain, tetapkan tujuan yang masuk akal untuk diri sendiri, dan ceritakan pada keluarga atau teman dekat.
- Jangan menunggu untuk segera berkonsultasi dengan Psikolog atau Psikiater jika Anda atau anggota keluarga Anda menunjukkan tanda-tanda depresi serius.
Hindari isolasi, dan mintalah dukungan dari tim kami yang sudah profesional.
- Davidson JR. Major depressive disorder treatment guidelines in America and Europe. J Clin Psychiatry. 2010;71 Suppl E1:e04
- Thase ME. The multifactorial presentation of depression in acute care. J Clin Psychiatry. 2013;74 Suppl 2:3-8
- Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement (ICSI). Adult Depression in Primary Care Guideline. ICSI Mar 2016 PDF or at National Guideline Clearinghouse 2014 Dec 16:47315
